Pemm-Corp has been directly involved with a number of design innovations in cyclone technology, including several versions of so-called "Rough-Cut" or direct coupled cyclones typically used in FCC applications. Several prominent cyclone vendors have most or all of their research work at Pemm-Corp. We have also performed a good deal of research and development work in the area of third stage cyclone separators for fines recovery, again with several key vendors having researched their cyclone design with us. We have been on the fore-front of research and development with respect to all aspects of cyclone design, including pressure drop, dipleg terminations, loading effects, outlet penetration, various barrel and cone shapes, etc etc.